Royal Greenland free essay sample

Illustrious Greenland is the biggest maker of cold water prawns and the market head of regularly using fish items. The organization has a place with Greenland and gets their essential crude materials and the unmistakable super cold water from that point. The organization has its cutting edge some portion of chasing and angling society, which is constantly existed there and the gets are made with profound regard in Greenland nature and individuals. Regal Greenland’s clear point is exercises to add to the prosperity Greenland people group. Imperial Greenland isn't only a brand †it’s a guarantee. Regardless of what the difficulties are, the organization depends of submitted staff. Regal Greenland has center around quality and will not settle. Along these lines Royal Greenland has been a solid provider and a trust world accomplice since 1774. Today is simply the organization still in lead and expanded itself as the most improved and serious player available. Regardless of whether if its own image, as a provider of private names or by means of guided offers to the business. We will compose a custom exposition test on Illustrious Greenland or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For over 230 years has Royal Greenland been related with the top notch fish. The company’s likely arrangements in contributing are to have center around improving their procedures and items to coordinate the need of their cutting edge buyer. Illustrious Greenland helps out private and open examination organizations so as to keep building up their preparing, dispersion strategies and creation. 2. Regal Greenland brand esteem Applying the Maslow pecking order of necessities, one may contend that Royal Greenland clients look for confidence, acknowledgment and status; they accept that being seen with the Royal Greenland items brand will satisfy these requirements. Hence, the worth added to its clients is progressively natural, being that is a physiological need the demonstration of eating. Imperial Greenland Royal Greenland However we may state that Royal Greenland remains in the middle of level 1 and 2 of the Maslow Pyramid and perhaps some may contend likewise between level 3, with the goal that it very well may be additionally related to a sort of extravagance level of food and cafés. At any rate is for the most part a physiological need, the clients go for best to be determined of value confronting cost. 3. The 4 P’s Products Seafood, for example, shellfish, characteristic fish, smoked and marinated fish, prawns. In their site page they have an index with 162 of various kind variety of the fish that they offer. As a full-go provider of fish items Royal Greenland’s item grouping mirrors the company’s capacity to address the issue of our shoppers and Royal Greenland’s capacity to reestablish ourselves. In Royal Greenland showcasing it is in issue; at their items have great guidelines. Imperial Greenland is pleased to introduce an expansive scope of excellent fish items from their own fisheries and from chose providers around the globe. They offer the â€Å"highest quality standards† on the planet †their worldwide quality group ensures that. On the off chance that there are any whines about the items or about the administrations, the organization takes them genuine and they make proficient move towards and attempt to stay away from that incident once more. Cost For hundreds of years, Royal Greenland has been related with top notch fish at reasonable costs. The company’s item run makes it conceivable to plan solid and scrumptious suppers for any event. Imperial Greenland, have a value that most clients can manage. Illustrious Greenland gives the clients the items what they pay for. Spot †They claims Production offices in Canada, Denmark, Germany, Greenland and Poland. The clients can be certain that Royal Greenlands items get conveyed o time and in an ideal condition. When managing transitory food items and particularly solidified products, it is critical to keep temperature steady during transportation and capacity. So as to hold the high, regular nature of their items they are checked right from creation, through capacity to the client by their Quality Control Team. In Denmark the organization is circulating in various Danish grocery stores, for example, Irma and Fotex Promotion They use as advancement principally their landing page. There the clients can discover data about the organization, the nature of their items, the manner in which they set up their items. Despite the fact that that the organization don’t utilize any unique method to advance themselves, Royal Greenland is the biggest maker of cold water prawns and the market chief of regularly consuming fish items. 4. Vital Analysis For top to bottom investigation, to begin with we have to recognize the components which influence the vital choice; key position and key decision. The vital position, where it contends the ecological and stakeholder’s impact on the issue, we recognized two components; financial downturn and new shopper needs. We utilized the Ansoff grid to show how Royal Greenland stands concerning Markets and Products as it is demonstrated as follows. Endless supply of the company’s reports, one appreciates that both the business development rate and net revenue are declining. The organization in its develop stage uncovers that is an ideal opportunity to search for new sections or new markets. The time appears to be directly for enhancement by new item in new markets. 5. IMS (International Market Selection) Analyses The IMS investigation will assist us with identifying the correct market to send out. It depends on low mystic separation, low social separation and low geographic separation. Our task is about Far East nations and Polynesian Islands. We don’t need to contend why it is that, on the grounds that it’s given. - In their official website page there is a synopsis of organizations claimed or mostly possessed by the parent organization Royal Greenland A/S. There we can see that Royal Greenland is a restricted organization and 100% of the stock is claimed by the Greenlandic Selfrule Government is in Japan. That implies that they as of now have information with the Far East culture, and are prepared to fare to increasingly Far East nations a forehead. Regal Greenland is the greatest fish organization in Denmark. Imperial Greenland is an enormous and complex association with auxiliaries in various nations around the globe. Illustrious Greenland A/S had a yearly turnover in 2010/2011 of 4,7 billion DKK and in excess of 1,800 representatives around the globe. It has bit of leeway of foodâ freshâ andâ production innovation. Illustrious Greenland has extended toâ many nations and areas at a bargain. The worldwide financial is downturn, we should keep as of now piece of the pie and build up the new market. Regal Greenland claims a few creation offices situated in the prompt region of fisheries and their â€Å"key markets† Greenland, Canada, Denmark, Poland, Germany. We will come 4 stages. We will portray more detail the general and explicit measures that is notice above. Stage 1: In sync one, we have the smaller scale level. †Here we settle on choice which showcase the item will enter. This is about outside components, for example, PESTEL (legislative issues monetary, social, innovation, condition and lawful). In the initial step we examination IMS (International market determination). We picked New Zealand, China and Philippines. We will chiefly take a gander at those three nations political and financial components. After those first reflections, we can make sense of where we need to begin. We will diminish from three, to two nations. At that point we will make a Pest Analysis and think about them. Measures †size and economy. Stage 2: In sync two, we have MECO. We will do our item investigation and market examination. We will discover data about the contenders, and contrast our items with the contenders. We will do a serious investigation. Stage 3: Internal investigation. All the inward tickets: are proactive or receptive. Stage 4: In sync four we really do division with respect to clients. Socioeconomics †way of life, age, sex, purchaser conduct, pay. New Zealand PESTEL Analysis Political and Environmental Factors: Elizabeth 11 sovereign of New Zealand has no genuine political impact and her position is basically emblematic. Political force is held by the fairly chosen Parliament of New Zealand under authority of Prime Minister, who is the head of government. New Zeland has positioned fifth on the planet for political security in the IMD world intensity yearbook 2009. In New Zealand gadgets are held at regular intervals so the administration needs to at time make a few trade offs with monetary development so as to seek after its political thought processes. While it might have been satisfactory in the past for organizations to seek after benefits single minden with a practically zero thought for the more extensive social and ecological effect of their exercises, this isn't the situation any longer today. The shopper development and the natural anteroom are presently immovably settled as cautious and incredible guard dogs, and have effectively gotten changes business practice and in how organizations must work. In New Zealand the administration declared huge changes to business tax collection and the business condition to help build up an increasingly inventive and dynamic economy better ready to contend in the worldwide commercial center. Financial Analysis: The Economy of New Zealand is a market economy which is incredibly subject to global exchange, predominantly with Australia, the European Union, the United States, China and Japan. It has just little assembling advertisement cutting edge areas, being unequivocally centered around the travel industry and essential ventures like agribusiness (however the two divisions are exceptionally gainful). Monetary tree †showcase changes of the most recent decades have evacuated numerous hindrances to outside speculation, and the World Bank in 2005 applauded New Zealand similar to the most business †amicable nation on the planet, before Singapore. Social Factors: The main arrival of

Money and Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cash and Banking - Essay Example One of the inadequacies of an economy with a fixed swapping scale is that financial strategy can't be used to animate the economy, albeit an economy with a coasting conversion scale like the U.S. can utilize financial strategy to invigorate monetary development. The macroeconomic stun, loan fees in the residential economy change as for outside financing costs. For example, when there is an expansionary financial approach, it will cause loan cost to decrease in the local economy, thus, local speculators will have a chance to put resources into the remote market that will cause a capital record shortfall and cause the swapping scale to diminish. The money related development causes a raise in local pay that thusly causes an expansion in imports and a present record shortfall. At the point when the household cash flexibly increments in the outside market due to an expansion in imports and net capital outpourings, it prompts devaluation of the residential money because of the powerless relationship among gracefully and request. The decrease in the conversion scale will make residential capital be appealing for remote financial specialists and the household economy will begin to draw outside speculation as the swapping scale decays until the BOP rises to zero that lead to loan fee equality . 1b The BOP factors that influence the gracefully for local cash in the remote economies are a raise in imports and an expansion in capital outpourings looking for higher paces of return. These components lead to a BOP deficiency in the household economy and are as often as possible influenced by expansionary fiscal arrangement that causes a diminishing in the local financing cost. 1C Increase in sends out and an expansion in capital inflows where remote speculators are looking for higher paces of return in the residential economy are factors that influence the interest for household cash in the outside economies. What's more, if the residential economy cause an expansion of fares, it demonstrate that local products are generally more affordable contrasted with outside merchandise. Therefore, outsiders will request progressively household cash as they import contrasted with residential fares. At the point when, the household pace of profits is more in regard to outside economies, th ere will be a raise sought after for the local money, as remote speculators will require local cash to purchase local capital. 2A Based on adaptable trade rates and moderately responsive capital streams, we can build up that any change in the capital budgetary record will be more noteworthy in greatness than vary in the capital record. In this manner, the EE bend will be level contrasted with the LM bend. A financial development causes IS bend to shifts up and to the correct that lead to increment of loan costs and yield (y) .The expansion in loan costs lead to increment of inflow of KA and an interest for household cash in size than the CA deficiency influenced by increment in incomes that thus expands imports comparative with trades. This causes a BOP surplus that causes the swapping scale to acknowledge and prompt move of the EE bend up and to one side. The swapping scale will acknowledge to where the BOP returns to harmony. At the point when conversion standard acknowledges, the pace of profit for household capital gets littler because of lessening minor returns, which will diminish the pace of capital inflows to the local econ

Golden Ratio in the Human Body

THE GOLDEN RATIO IN THE HUMAN BODY GABRIELLE NAHAS IBDP MATH STUDIES THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23rd 2012 WORD COUNT: 2,839 INTRODUCTION: The Golden Ratio, otherwise called The Divine Proportion, The Golden Mean, or Phi, is a steady that can be seen all through the scientific world. This nonsensical number, Phi (? ) is equivalent to 1. 618 when adjusted. It is portrayed as â€Å"dividing a line in the outrageous and mean ratio†. This implies when you separate sections of a line that consistently have an equivalent remainder. At the point when lines like these are isolated, Phi is the remainder: When the dark line is 1. 18 (Phi) times bigger than the blue line and the blue line is 1. multiple times bigger than the red line, you can discover Phi. What makes Phi such a numerical wonder is the means by which regularly it very well may be found in a wide range of spots and circumstances everywhere throughout the world. It is found in engineering, nature, Fibonacci numbers, and considerably more amazingly,the human body. Fibonacci Numbers have demonstrated to be firmly identified with the Golden Ratio. They are a progression of numbers found by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1175AD. In the Fibonacci Series, each number is the total of the two preceding it.The term number is known as ‘n’. The principal term is ‘Un’ along these lines, so as to locate the following term in the arrangement, the last two Un and Un+1 are included. (Knott). Recipe: Un + Un+1 = Un+2 Example: The subsequent term (U2) is 1; the third term (U3) is 2. The fourth term will be 1+2, making U3 equivalent 3. Fibonacci Series: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144†¦ When each term in the Fibonacci Series is separated by the term before it, the remainder is Phi, except for the initial 9 terms, which are still exceptionally near approaching Phi. Term (n)| First Term Un| SecondTerm Un+1| Second Term/First Term (Un+1/Un)| 1| 0| 1| n/a| 2| 1| 3| 1| 2| 4| 2| 3| 1. 5| 3| 5| 1. 667 | 6| 5| 8| 1. 6| 7| 8| 13| 1. 625| 8| 13| 21| 1. 615| 9| 21| 34| 1. 619| 10| 34| 55| 1. 618| 11| 55| 89| 1. 618| 12| 89| 144| 1. 618| Lines that follow the Fibonacci Series are discovered everywhere throughout the world and are lines that can be isolated to discover Phi. One intriguing spot they are found is in the human body. Numerous instances of Phi can be found in the hands, face and body. For instance, when the length of a person’s lower arm is separated by the length of that person’s hand, the remainder is Phi.The good ways from a person’s head to their fingertips isolated by the good ways from that person’s head to their elbows approaches Phi. (Jovanovic). Since Phi is found in such a large number of common spots, it is known as the Divine proportion. It tends to be tried in various manners, and has been by different researchers and mathematicians. I have decided to research the Phi consistent and its appearance in the human body, to discover the p roportion in various measured individuals and check whether my outcomes coordinate what is normal. The point of this examination is to discover instances of the number 1. 618 in various individuals and explore different spots where Phi is found.Three proportions will be looked at. The proportions researched are the proportion of head to toe and head to fingertips, the proportion of the most reduced segment of the pointer to the center area of the forefinger, and the proportion of lower arm to hand. FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 The main proportion is the white line in the to the light blue line in FIGURE 1 The subsequent proportion is the proportion of the dark line to the blue line in FIGURE 2 The third proportion is the proportion of the light blue line to the dim blue line in FIGURE 3 METHOD: DESIGN: Specific body portions of individuals of various ages and sexual orientations were estimated in centimeters.Five individuals were estimated and every member had these parts estimated: * Distance from head to foot * Distance from head to fingertips * Length of most reduced segment of pointer * Length of center segment of forefinger * Distance from elbow to fingertips * Distance from wrist to fingertips The proportions were found, to perceive how close their remainders are to Phi (1. 618). At that point the rate distinction was found for each outcome. Members: The individuals were of various ages and sexes. For assortment, a 4-year-old female, 8-year-old male, 18-year-old female, 18-year-old male and a 45-year-old male were measured.All of the estimations are in this examination with the proportions found and that they are so near the consistent Phi are broke down. The outcomes were placed into tables by each arrangement of estimations and the proportions were found. Information: | Participant Measurement ( ± 0. 5 cm)| Measurement| 4/female| 8/male| 18/female| 18/male| 45/male| Distance from head to foot| 105. 5| 124. 5| 167| 180| 185| Distance from head to finger tips| 72. 5| 84| 97| 110| 115| Length of most minimal area of list finger| 2| 3| Length of center segment of record finger| 1. 2| 2. 5| 2| Distance from elbow to fingertips| 27| 30| 40| 48| 50|Distance from wrist to fingertips| 15| 18. 5| 25| 28| 31| RATIO 1: RATIO OF HEAD TO TOE AND HEAD TO FINGERTIPS Measurements Participant| Distance from head to foot ( ±0. 5 cm)| Distance from head to fingertips ( ±0. 5 cm)| 4-year-old female| 105. 5| 72. 5| 8-year-old male| 124. 5| 85| 18-year-old female| 167| 97| 18-year-male| 180| 110| 45-year-old male| 185| 115| Ratios: These are the first remainders that were found from the estimations. As indicated by the Golden Ratio, the normal remainders will all rise to Phi (1. 618). Good ways from head to footDistance from head to fingertips 1. 4-year-old female: 105.  ±0. 5 cm/72. 5â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 455  ± 1. 2% 2. 8-year-old male: 124. 5â ±0. 5 cm/85â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 465  ± 1. 0% 3. 18-year-old female: 167â ±0. 5 cm/97â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 722  ± 5. 2% 4. 18-year-old male: 180â ±0. 5 cm/110â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 636  ± 1. 0% 5. 45-year-old male: 185â ±0. 5 cm/115â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 609  ± 0. 7% How close each outcome is to Phi: This shows the contrast between the genuine remainder, what was estimated, and the normal remainder (1. 618). This is found by taking away the genuine remainder from Phi and utilizing the total an incentive to get the distinction so it doesn't offer a negative response. |1. 18-Actual Quotient|=difference among result and Phi The contrast between every remainder and 1. 618: 1. 4-year-old female: |1. 618-1. 455  ± 1. 2%| = 0. 163  ± 1. 2% 2. 8-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 465  ± 1. 0%| = 0. 153  ± 1. 0% 3. 18-year-old female: |1. 618-1. 722  ± 5. 2%| = 0. 1  ± 5. 2% 4. 18-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 636  ± 1. 0%| = 0. 018 5. 45-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 609  ± 0. 7%| = 0. 009 Percentage Error: To discover how close the outcomes are to the normal estimation of Phi, rate mistake can be utiliz ed. Rate blunder is the means by which close test results are to expected results.Percentage mistake is found by isolating the contrast between every remainder and Phi by Phi (1. 618) and duplicating that outcome by 100. This gives you the distinction of the genuine remainder to the normal remainder, Phi, in a rate. (Roberts) Difference1. 618 x100=Percentage distinction among result and Phi 1. 4-year-old female: 0. 163  ± 1. 2%/1. 618 x 100 = 10. 1  ± 0. 12% 2. 8-year-old male: 0. 153  ± 1. 0%/1. 618 x 100 = 9. 46  ± 0. 09% 3. 18-year-old female: 0. 1â ± 5. 2%/1. 618 x 100 = 6. 18  ± 0. 3% 4. 18-year-old male: 0. 018/1. 618 x 100 = 1. 11% 5. 45-year-old male: 0. 009/1. 618 x 100 = 0. 5% AVERAGE: 10. 1  ± 0. 12% + 9. 46  ± 0. 09% + 6. 18  ± 0. 3% + 1. 11% + 0. 55%/5 = 5. 48  ± 0. 5% ANALYSIS: The most noteworthy rate blunder, the percent contrast between the outcome and Phi, is 10. 1  ± 0. 12%. This is a little rate blunder, and implies that everything except one of the proportions was over 90% precise. This is a genuine case of the Golden Ratio in the human body since all the qualities are near Phi. Likewise, as the age of the members builds, the rate blunder diminishes, so as individuals get more established, the proportion of their head to feet to the proportion of their head to fingertips draws nearer to PhiRATIO 2: RATIO OF THE MIDDLE SECTION OF THE INDEX FINGER TO THE BOTTOM SECTION OF THE INDEX FINGER Measurements Participant| Length of most minimal segment of pointer ( ±0. 5 cm)| Length of center area of pointer ( ±0. 5 cm)| multi year old female| 2| 1| multi year old male| 3| 2| multi year old female| 3| 2. 5| multi year male| 3| 2| multi year old male| 3| 2| Ratios: Length of most reduced area of forefinger Length of center segment of pointer 1. 4-year-old female: 2  ± 0. 5 cm/1  ± 0. 5 cm = 2  ± 75% 2. 8-year-old male: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 5  ± 42% 3. 18-year-old female: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2.  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 2  ± 37% 4. 18-year-old male: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 5  ± 42% 5. 45-year-old male: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 5  ± 42% How close each outcome is to Phi: |1. 618-Actual Quotient|=difference among result and Phi The distinction between every remainder and 1. 618: 1. 4-year-old female: |1. 618-2  ± 75%| = 0. 382  ± 75% 2. 8-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 5  ± 42%| = 0. 118  ± 42% 3. 18-year-old female: |1. 618-1. 2  ± 37%| = 0. 418  ± 37% 4. 18-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 5  ± 42%| = 0. 118  ± 42% 5. 45-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 5  ± 42%| = 0. 118  ± 42% Percentage Error: Difference1. 18 x100=Percentage distinction among result and Phi 1. 4-year-old female: 0. 382  ± 75%/1. 618 x 100 = 23. 6  ± 17. 7% 2. 8-year-old male: 0. 118  ± 42%/1. 618 x 100 = 7. 3  ± 3. 1% 3. 18-year-old female: 0. 418  ± 37%/1. 618 x 100 = 25. 8  ± 9. 5% 4. 18-year-old male: 0. 118  ± 42%/1. 618 x 100 = 7. 3  ± 3. 1% 5. 45-year-old male: 0. 118  ± 42%/ 1. 618 x 100 = 7. 3  ± 3. 1% AVERAGE: 23. 6â ±17. 7% + 7. 3  ±3. 1% + 25. 8  ±9. 5% + 7. 3  ±3. 1% + 7. 3  ±3. 1%/5= 14. 3  ± 36. 5% ANALYSIS: With this proportion, 3 of the outcomes come out with a <10% rate blunder, which means they are near Phi (1. 618).In the estimations, 3 of the members had a similar proportion of 3:2. This outcome is very fascinating

How to Write a College Paper

How to Write a College PaperWriting a college paper can be a great experience if you know what you are doing. But, there are things you should avoid when you are trying to write a paper. Your goal is to write a paper that has enough information in it so it will stand out. Here are some tips to help you write a great essay.First, when you are writing a college paper, try to keep it simple. It is usually easy to get lost in all the theory and details that can make the paper much longer than it needs to be. The more you know about the subject, the better you can write your paper. If you have a lot of different ideas in your head, it makes it harder to just read the paper and let the ideas flow from your mind.Second, when you are writing a college paper, try to keep it short. Be brief. This is the most important rule when writing an essay. Keep the information short and to the point. And, if you do need to add a bit of extra information at the end, make sure you get the details right.Thi rd, when you are writing a journal entry, you do not have as much time as you would in a paper. Keep your sentences shorter and to the point. I know this seems like a no-brainer, but many people forget about this little detail.Fourth, when you are writing a paper, remember that you are writing to impress. So, keep your personal opinions to a minimum. Use your background, but keep them to a minimum. You do not want to bore your professor or your readers with your own personal opinions.Fifth, you must be organized when you are trying to write a college paper. Always put your papers in order and put all your work on one page. Do not put everything in the first page or you will have to go back and do more research. So, put the paper first, then the letter. There is a reason why most college students do this.Writing a college paper does not have to be difficult. All you have to do is write on paper and keep things simple. By doing this, you will be able to write a truly impressive essay for any subject.

The Greek Mythology Of Women - 1820 Words

The Greeks’ most important legacy is not being pioneers in democracy as we would think: it is their mythology. In general, we only know what male writers tell us women thought, because there were little to no women writers. However, the Greeks attributed to women a capacity for understanding that we do not always find in the other great literary traditions such as the Bible . Ancient Greek mythology depicts women as a source of creation of the mythological universe, the creation of multi-gendered immortals, and the knowledgeable and powerful personalities attributed to women in ancient Greek mythology. Many popular Greek plays contain several well-written, complex, female characters. These women were depicted as the role of villain, victim, and even the role of heroine, showing the diversity in which women were seen in both mythology and ancient Greek society. We do not give much credit to the Greeks for their balanced view of women’s abilities. 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Charles Darwin Naturalist and Leader in Science - 1414 Words

Over the course of this analysis, I will use information from Gardner’s Changing Minds (Gardner, 2006) and Uzzi and Dunlap’s How to Build Your Network (Uzzi, 2005) to assess Charles Darwin’s influence as a non-positional leader. I will also show a historical analysis, including my reasons for choosing Darwin as my subject, his background, the success and failures of his influence, as well as his legacy. Finally, I will submit my vision of non-positional leadership and mechanisms for leaders to explore their non-positional roles. Charles Darwin’s influence uses some of Gardner’s â€Å"levers† or factors that are at work in the case of Darwin’s scientific theories changing minds (Gardner, 2006), and so there is a good level of measure for†¦show more content†¦His initial audience was made up of people with common ground and specialized knowledge, allowing him more leeway to use scientific and research specific terms and information than the general population at that time may have understood. Part of influence in a non-positional role involves the network of individuals you know. Darwin’s ideas would not have spread so quickly, if at all, if Alfred Russell Wallace had not written him. Because of that letter, Lyell and Hooker had their work added to the agenda of the Linnean Society Meeting, and Darwin went forward with publishing On the Origin of Species. Darwin’s relationships weave a tangled picture of the influences of the 1800’s and beyond. (See Figure 1, based on Uzzi Dunlap (Uzzi, 2005) Julian Huxley, grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, â€Å"proposed that the Darwinian model, which had been relatively neglected by biologists (although popular with social scientists), could now be rescued by linking it with Mendelian genetics.† (Hewlett, 2005) This brought Darwin’s theory of evolution, which had begun to fade in resonance back to the forefront of science, leading us to the legacy of Charles Darwin’s influence. Figure 1: Charles Darwins Network The legacy Charles Darwin left behind is one of continued evolution of thought. His ideas were merged with that of Gregor Mendel’s ideas on genetics and eventually the modern science of DNA toShow MoreRelatedEssay On Villain Or Victim?2223 Words   |  9 PagesPayton Linder Vickery English 101 12 Dec 2014 Darwin: Villain or Victim All through history, especially the past two hundred years, different theories have tried to determine our existence and they continually have changed depending on the group creating it or researching it. The one thing that has changed is the Holy Bible, God’s written word with our complete history in it. Reading it we come to understand our existence and purpose. With that we also become aware of our gift we receive from GodRead MoreSocial Darwinism Is An Ideology Of Society1566 Words   |  7 Pageswould have to turn to the famous man himself, Charles Darwin. At first glance, Charles Darwin seems an unlikely revolutionary. Born in 1809, Charles grew up a shy and unassuming member of a wealthy British family. 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The different people in the book were also split up into separate stages, two to be in fact: savagery and civilization. The ‘civilized were in the BNW and everyone else was a savage. 7. Trotsky Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) was the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in RussiaRead MoreDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: A View Into Societal Changes in the 19th Century1398 Words   |  6 Pages[2] Through the use of these characters and newly founded theoretical ideas of this time; Stevenson reflects the modern â€Å"societal† challenges that were occurring in this century. 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In biology, theRead MoreHuman Genetic Engineering And Eugenics1582 Words   |  7 PagesHuman genetic engineering and eugenics have been a largely controversial topic over the past decades. Eugenics can be popularly defined as the science of improving and enhancing a human population or person through manipulating the human genes, selective breeding, and sterilization. The end goal and desired result of eugenics is to basically create a human race or people with more desirable biological, physical, or psychological traits. Eugenics and genetic modification is a current, pressing subject;

Effects of Culture on Organizations-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Culture on Different Organisations. Answer: Introduction: Globalisation has resulted in the increase of diversity in the workplace. The sensitivity as well as the cultural awareness in the handling of the multi-cultural workforce is one of the most important managing aspects of the business. Cross cultural sensitivity is the acceptance, knowledge and awareness of other cultures. Cultural sensitivity is the acceptance of the cultures as they exist without any sort of judgemental attitude of any form or in any way. The cultures of any country are inherent aspects of that particular country and prove beneficial for the individuals residing in that particular country. Understanding the varied cultures of the workforce as also of the allies or associates is bound to result in the better communication, productivity and the unity in the workplace. The cross cultural sensitivity as also the awareness among the employees is extremely essential for the handling the multicultural business teams. The cross cultural sensitivity is also critical in the strategy for the global expansion of a particular organisation. The accounting and the advertising departments will need to take the diverse cultures and the sensitivities into account in the countries of expansion. The sales, growth of a company as well as its turnover are affected by any particular wrong decision of a company. It is therefore essential to give adequate thought to any decision before coming to a probable conclusion regarding any particular business decision in case of any organisation (Riivari et al 2012). A broad minded outlook needs to be adopted in case of companies to facilitate their growth and prosperity. It is genuinely required for the current generation professionals to familiarize themselves with the business protocol, the decision making process as also the core values of another culture. It is necessary to read into the cultural sensitivities and lead to appropriate communication across cross cultural workplace scenarios. Culture and its effect on organisations: Culture can be thought to be a malleable component of a particular organisation which can evolve as well as adapt through several concepts or influences to create value. Culture is representative of the beliefs, ideologies, practices, policies as well as principles of a particular organisation. The employees get a sense of direction and the way and nature of their behaviour is also influenced by the culture. Organisational culture is basically a system of shared values, beliefs as well as assumptions governing the way in which people behave in different organisations (Alvesson 2012). The nature of the performance of the people as well as their jobs is also essential factors contributing to the overall organisational culture. In case of large organisations, the existent culture might have a great deal of internal momentum, it has a low probability of being modified or changed. The organisational size as well the strength of its culture contributes hugely to the cultural inertia. There is a strong tendency of powerful organisations to continue their movement in their existing directions. It is the duty of the managers and the authorities to understand the culture as well as manage it effectively such that it becomes positive, ethical and efficient (Cameron and Green 2015). Several factors exist, that affect organisational culture. The most important factor is the individual who works for the organisation. Every individual contributes to the culture of the organisation. The culture of the organisation is reflected by the nature of the employees working there. The mentalities, interests, perceptions inherent in the employees affect the culture of an organisation (Mendenhall 2012). The gender of the employees also influences the organisational culture. Usually in cases where the male employees dominate the workforce, the late working hours or late sitting is a common feature. The nature of female candidates is generally kind as well as soft-hearted, whereas males are usually aggressive by nature. The nature of the business of the organisation also affects the business of the organisation. The industries related to stock broking, the financial services, banking industry are dependent on the external factors, which comprise the demand and supply, the market per share, the earning cap and so on. In the event of market crash, the industries and hence the associated organisations are automatically terminated. The fluctuations in the market lead to tensions within the employee circle and are bound to affect the workplace culture. In many occasions, the individuals are also de-motivated. The individuals are bound to reconsider their career choices in the organisation in such severe situations (Eisenbeiss and Brodbeck 2014). The nature of goals of a particular organisation also contributes to the nature of the culture at the workplace. Usually in case of government organisations, the individuals follow a set pattern and conform to the basic guidelines, it does not depend on the instant feedback or the opinions of the clients. However in case of fast paced industries, for example like event management or advertising, the employees are much more active as well as aggressive (Urbancova 2013). The external parties or the clients also affect the organisational culture as also the work culture. Those organisations which cater to foreign clients have to maintain the shift timings to match their requirements. The management style of handling the employees also affects the culture and the ambience at the workplace. In cases where the employees are allowed to take their own decisions as also participate in the strategy making, have certain significant cultures. In case of organisations where employees are given value as well as importance, they desire to hold on to those companies and start seeing future career prospects with them. In such cases the employees do not work for money but for personal satisfaction. In certain cases the culture is also responsible for an organisations objectives. Different cultures correspond to different levels of effectiveness. Several factors contribute to the organisational efficiency. One of the important factors is that of innovation. Active engagement of the employees in reaching certain goals and objectives is bound to benefit the culture. Involved employees tend to be more committed towards the organisations objectives. Employees can also be asked for input on the basis of which the organisation may take future decisions. The best and most innovative suggestions should be rewarded as well. These contribute to the culture focussing on the objectives as a part of everyones commitments (Wiewiora et al. 2013). Consistency is another important aspect of the culture of a company. Different messages should not be given to the teammates on different days. Only if the culture of shared objectives is consistent the company can reach its desired level. In order to achieve a desired level of success and reach the goals set for the company, the consistency should be maintained. The most important impact or connection to the organisational culture is the connection with the employees. In this aspect it can be said that it is the duty of the organisation to promote a culture where the employees are given value, respect as well as importance. It also needs to be understood that the culture of an organisation directly affects the employee performance. In cases where the employees are valued, they align their objectives as well as goals with the best interests of the company. In case where the culture involves rewarding the employees for their level of work or achievements done, this is bound to lead to job satisfaction. Thus it can be said that the organisational culture impacts the overall performance of the employees of the company. The lesser amount of negative factors ensures that the employees work towards a specific goal and also are satisfied in the process. In situations where the authorities or the mentors lack the characteristics of positivity as well as the capabilities of team motivation, the overall performance and hence the output of the organisation is bound to suffer. The turnover of a company as well as the existence of opportunities of an organisation affects the characteristics of its culture and the nature of the benefits it poses for its employees. Thus it is bound to impact the culture and the nature of the organisation (Reason 2016). How Organisations affect culture and cultural convergence: Cultural convergence is when the cultures across different countries become more or less alike. Primarily the concept of communication is one factor that contributes towards the growth of cultural convergence, for example the communication through a common language (Hislop 2013). With the increasing globalization of companies, the training of individuals as well as developing people across cultural boundaries is increasingly important. It is needless to say that the culture of a country is increasingly important for the nature of communication of the people. Organisations that operate in several companies across the world consist of people speaking in different languages and used to different cultures (French 2015). Cultures belonging to different countries and instances of individuals being sensitive to these cultures results in embarrassments as well as misunderstandings and in many cases even a loss of efficiencies. As an example it can be said that, time is an important factor for the difference of cultures. There are different implications for time and punctuality in different countries. The understanding and sensitivity towards times is different in terms of behaviour as also the orientations (Gentry and Sparks 2012). The roots of cultural differences, in case of the business practices are much deeper. The business cultures in different countries are also variable and the personal understanding and sensitivity also vary. Only the social values or the legal frameworks, public systems or public policies are not the influencing factors of the business culture. There are certain factors which influence the cultural variables in different countries. They differ in the way the social institutions function; the nature of operations of their financial system, the government structures which exist as also their inherent operations. The education systems in different countries focus on different aspects and the facts which are elaborated are bound to be incorporated in the work of the individuals of different nationalities. Individualism as well as entrepreneurship is focussed in case of the capitalist system in America. Other countries focus on the different systems which become inherent in the employees. The legal frameworks as well as the government policies reflect the cultural values of the country. The business practices are influenced by the broader framework for doing the business in the country. The management practices within the company are influenced as well as circumscribed. The interpretation as well as implementation of the laws is also affected. One of the most pervasive impacts on the business culture and the values comes from the broads cultural values belonging to the country. The business is influenced at different levels by all these impacts. As an impact of these cultural values different businesses get positively impacted while others are not so much benefited (Park and Shaw 2013). The cultural values also influence the way in which the business is organised and conducted in the different societies. In case of collective societies, the personal contacts play a major role in the conduction of the business. In case of people who are adaptive, the culture of the organisation does not suffer but in case of people who are unable to adjust it might lead to several problems. The concept of time is an important factor for the convergence of cultures as time specialities or preferences are varied for people belonging to different countries. Different shifts are preferable for different people. This might be based on the time zones to which the people belong and they are dependent on the shifts they are used to working in usually. The concept of ethnocentrism focuses on the evaluation of other cultures based on the existing notions which originate in the standards and the customers of a persons individual culture. It is an important concept in the context of organisational culture. It is quite natural that the concepts of ones individual culture is inherent and is also invisible to ones own self. Ethnocentrism is a concept that helps domestic companies improve their sales as it involves the buying of products that are domestic instead of products from other countries. Culturally similar countries may also benefit from the ethnocentric concept as it involves buying products from the similar countries as well (Rasula, Vuksic and Stemberger 2012). Several problems can be encountered when a country wishes to expand its businesses abroad. It can be used to benefit companies which are domestic but can create huge problems when there is the prospect of entering a foreign market. In case of any particular country, the companies which are not perceived as favourable will face problems while entering into another country. It should be the goal of the companies to maximise the benefits of this concept at the same time minimize its drawbacks. In case of domestic sales the company should focus on the advertising and the promotions. On the other hand, while going abroad, it should focus on the operations under a suitable foreign subsidiary with a different marketing campaign in order to benefit the sales of the company (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, 2012). Subculture is a total of all the cultures and beliefs which separate the groups within the same broad culture. Subculture may vary due to race, religion as well as socioeconomic status. Subculture might also influence the business priorities as well as the buying patterns of individuals. Subculture, in a way, prevents the overgeneralisation of culture. It is a beneficial aspect in case of the final organisational culture. Various cultural models for effective cultural leadership: Several popular models exist for the effective cultural leadership which focuses on the humane orientation, gender differentiation as well as the uncertainty avoidance. It also focuses on the power distance, intellectual collectivism and also the in group collectivism (Bush 2014). Power distance is the degree to which the lower ranking individuals accept that the power is unequally distributed among the individuals in an organisation (Ashby, Palermo and Power, 2012). Collectivism is the concept that the individuals life is not merely his own but is that of the society of which he is an essential part. The group or the society is the most important unit of moral concern. The in-group collectivism is the extent to which the individuals express the loyalty pride as well as the collectiveness in their organisations of which they are a part (Aycan et al. 2012). Edward T. Halls model: Edward T. Halls model focuses on the high as well as low context cultures which are clearly discussed below. As is shown in the figure, communication is less verbally explicit and emphasis is given on long term relationships in case of the model. The listener also is found to have many more ways of understanding in case of the high context culture. In case of the low context culture, the communication is explicit, the listener does not have much knowledge. Most of the European countries are engaged in the low context culture. Figure 1: Edward T. Halls model GeertE Hofstedes Model: The cultural dimensions theory is a framework for the effective cross-cultural communication which was developed by Geerte Hofstede. The effects of a societys culture on the values of its members are discussed and the values relating to the behaviour. It uses the structure that is derived from the concept of factor analysis. According to this theory, different characteristics, including the uncertainty avoidance index, the masculinity versus femininity concept of role distribution, the comparison of the long term and short term orientation, the indulgence versus the restraint are all discussed. The interactions between the different cultures are studied. The discussion of role distribution between the genders is discussed in case of the masculinity versus the femininity. The connection between the past and the present are discussed in case of the long and short term orientation. Figure 2: Hofstedes model Impact of internet on culture: The advent of new technologies significantly impacts the culture of organisations. It is an important factor in determining the cultural prospects of a business in future. (Porter 2013). Almost every individual of the present young generation is media and internet savvy. It definitely is a blessing to use this particular technological development as an advancement to the culture of the organisations and also in case of their operations. Internet as also the social media is extremely powerful and impacts the culture and also shapes the human behaviour (Kiesler 2014). Everyday lives are influenced by the advent of the internet. Hence it can be said that the businesses of powerful and not so powerful organisations all across the world are impacted by the advent of newer technologies and have made the business operations much more efficient (Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). Conclusion: Despite the various differences in culture which are existent in the organisations, people need to be tolerant of the varieties in the organisations and also in the individuals as well. Being judgemental is not an option in case of the cross cultural diversities. Several characteristics are essential for the leaders of today including the concept of the cultural sensitivity. Non-judgemental attitude is an essential feature for the proper running of the organisations. It can also be said that the organisations can prosper as a whole only if the team members and the leaders work together as a whole. Concentrating on how the company attributes can be improved needs to be focussed on. The employees need to work together as a team along with the heads and to ensure this the employees need to be satisfied and their needs need to be taken care of. In order to assist the managers for the implementation of the cultural sensitivity, the popular models of the leadership for the cultural convergence need to be followed. The managers need to be sensitive to the needs to the employees of the organisation. It is only when the managers and the employees are motivated and work together as a whole, the company can move towards cultural growth and reach a level of dominance in the global market. References: Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Ashby, S., Palermo, T. and Power, M., 2012. Risk culture in financial organisations: an interim report. Aycan, Z., Schyns, B., Sun, J.M., Felfe, J. and Saher, N., 2013. Convergence and divergence of paternalistic leadership: A cross-cultural investigation of prototypes.Journal of International Business Studies,44(9), pp.962-969. Bush, T., 2014. Instructional and transformational leadership: alternative and complementary models?. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Eisenbeiss, S.A. and Brodbeck, F., 2014. Ethical and unethical leadership: A cross-cultural and cross-sectoral analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,122(2), pp.343-359. French, R., 2015.Cross-cultural management in work organisations. Kogan Page Publishers. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. Gentry, W.A. and Sparks, T.E., 2012. A convergence/divergence perspective of leadership competencies managers believe are most important for success in organizations: A cross-cultural multilevel analysis of 40 countries.Journal of Business and Psychology,27(1), pp.15-30. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Kiesler, S., 2014.Culture of the Internet. Psychology Press. Lee, S.G., Trimi, S. and Kim, C., 2013. The impact of cultural differences on technology adoption.Journal of World Business,48(1), pp.20-29. Mendenhall, M.E. ed., 2012.Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: a meta-analysis. Porter, D., 2013.Internet culture. Routledge. Rasula, J., Vuksic, V.B. and Stemberger, M.I., 2012. The impact of knowledge management on organisational performance.Economic and Business Review for Central and South-Eastern Europe,14(2), p.147. Reason, J., 2016.Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Riivari, E., Lms, A.M., Kujala, J. and Heiskanen, E., 2012. The ethical culture of organisations and organisational innovativeness.European Journal of Innovation Management,15(3), pp.310-331. Urbancova, H., 2013. Competitive advantage achievement through innovation and knowledge.Journal of Competitiveness,5(1). Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G. and Coffey, V., 2013. Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), pp.1163-1174.

Presidential Degree free essay sample

One of the major goals of the government is to establish a more enlightened and humane correctional systems that will promote the reformation of offenders and thereby reduce the incidence of recidivism   the confinement of all offenders prisons and other institutions with rehabilitation programs constitutes an onerous drain on the financial resources of the country; and , there is a need to provide a less costly alternative to the imprisonment of offenders who are likely to respond to individualized, community-based treatment programs;, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree the following: Section 1. Title and Scope of the Decree. This Decree shall be known as the Probation Law of 1976. It shall apply to all offenders except those entitled to the benefits under the provisions of Presidential Decree numbered Six Hundred and three and similar laws. Section 2. Purpose. This Decree shall be interpreted so as to: (a) promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by providing him with individualized treatment; (b) provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender which might be less probable if he were to serve a prison sentence; and (c) prevent the commission of offenses. We will write a custom essay sample on Presidential Degree or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Section 3. Meaning of Terms. As used in this Decree, the following shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed thus: (a) Probation is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and sentence, is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation officer. (b) Probationer means a person placed on probation. c) Probation Officer means one who investigates for the court a referral for probation or supervises a probationer or both. Section 4. Grant of Probation. Subject to the provisions of this Decree, the court may, after it shall have convicted and sentenced a defendant and upon application at any time of said defendant, suspend the execution of said sentence and place the defendant on probation for such period and upon such terms and conditions as it may deem best. Probation may be granted whether the sentence imposes a term of imprisonment or a fine only. An application for probation shall be filed with the trial cour t, with notice to the appellate court if an appeal has been taken from the sentence of conviction. The filing of the application shall be deemed a waver of the right to appeal, or the automatic withdrawal of a pending appeal. An order granting or denying probation shall not be appealable. Section 5. Post-sentence Investigation. No person shall be placed on probation except upon prior investigation by the probation officer and a determination by the court that the ends of justice and the best interest of the public as well as that of the defendant will be served thereby. Section 6. Form of Investigation Report. The investigation report to be submitted by the probation officer under Section 5 hereof shall be in the form prescribed by the Probation Administrator and approved by the Secretary of Justice. Section 7. Period for Submission of Investigation Report. The probation officer shall submit to the court the investigation report on a defendant not later than sixty days from receipt of the order of said court to conduct the investigation. The court shall resolve the petition for probation not later than five days after receipt of said report. Pending submission of the investigation report and the resolution of the petition, the defendant may be allowed on temporary liberty under his bail filed in the criminal case; Provided, That, in case where no bail was filed or that the defendant is incapable of filing one, the court may allow the release of the defendant on recognize the custody of a responsible member of the community who shall guarantee his appearance whenever required by the court. Section 8. Criteria for Placing an Offender on Probation. In determining whether an offender may be placed on probation, the court shall consider all information relative, to the character, antecedents, environment, mental and physical condition of the offender, and available institutional and community resources. Probation shall be denied if the court finds that: (a) the offender is in need of correctional treatment that can be provided most effectively by his commitment to an institution; or (b) there is undue risk that during the period of probation the offender will commit another crime; or (c) probation will depreciate the seriousness of the offense committed. Section 9. Disqualified Offenders. The benefits of this Decree shall not be extended o those: (a) sentenced to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more than six years; (b) convicted of any offense against the security of the State; (c) who have previously been convicted by final judgment of an offense punished by imprisonment of not less than one month and one day and/or a fi ne of not less than Two Hundred Pesos; (d) who have been once on probation under the provisions of this Decree; and (e) who are already serving sentence at the time the substantive provisions of this Decree became applicable pursuant to Section 33 hereof. Section 10. Conditions of Probation. Every probation order issued by the court shall contain conditions requiring that the probationer shall: (a) present himself to the probation officer designated to undertake his supervision at such place as may be specified in the order within seventy-two hours from receipt of said order; (b) report to the probation officer at least once a month at such time and place as specified by said officer. The court may also require the probationer to: (a) cooperate with a program of supervision; (b) meet his family responsibilities; c) devote himself to a specific employment and not to change said employment without the prior written approval of the probation officer; (d) undergo medical, psychological or psychiatric examination and treatment and enter and remain in a specified institution, when required for that purpose; (e) pursue a prescribed secular study or vocational training; (f) attend or reside in a facility established for instruction, recreation or residence of persons on probatio n; (g) refrain from visiting houses of ill-repute; (h) abstain from drinking intoxicating beverages to excess; (i) permit to probation officer or an authorized social worker to visit his home and place or work; (j) reside at premises approved by it and not to change his residence without its prior written approval; or (k) satisfy any other condition related to the rehabilitation of the defendant and not unduly restrictive of his liberty or incompatible with his freedom of conscience. Section 11. Effectivity of Probation Order. A probation order shall take effect upon its issuance, at which time the court shall inform the offender of the consequences thereof and explain that upon his failure o comply with any of the conditions prescribed in the said order or his commission of another offense, he shall serve the penalty imposed for the offense under which he was placed on probation. Section 12. Modification of Condition of Probation. During the period of probation, the court may, upon application of either the probationer or the probation officer, revise or modify the conditions or period of probation. The court shall notify either the probationer or the probation officer of the filing such an application so as to give both parties an opportunity to be heard thereon. The court shall inform in writing the probation officer and the probationer of any change in the period or conditions of probation. Section 13. Control and Supervision of Probationer. The probationer and his probation program shall be under the control of the court who placed him on probation subject to actual supervision and visitation by a probation officer. Whenever a probationer is permitted to reside in a place under the jurisdiction of another court, control over him shall be transferred to the Executive Judge of the Court of First Instance of that place, and in such a case, a copy of the probation order, the investigation report and other pertinent records shall be furnished said Executive Judge. Thereafter, the Executive Judge to whom jurisdiction over the probationer is transferred shall have the power with respect to him that was previously possessed by the court which granted the probation. Section 14. Period of Probation. a) The period of probation of a defendant sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more than one year shall not exceed two years, and in all other cases, said period shall not exceed six years. (b) When the sentence imposes a fine o nly and the offender is made to serve subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency, the period of probation shall not be less than nor to be more than twice the total number of days of subsidiary imprisonment as computed at the rate established, in Article thirty-nine of the Revised Penal Code, as amended. Section 15. Arrest of Probationer; Subsequent Disposition. At any time during probation, the court may issue a warrant for the arrest of a probationer for violation of any of the conditions of probation. The probationer, once arrested and detained, shall immediately be brought before the court for a hearing, which may be informal and summary, of the violation charged. The defendant may be admitted to bail pending such hearing. In such a case, the provisions regarding release on bail of persons charged with a crime shall be applicable to probationers arrested under this provision. If the violation is established, the court may revoke or continue his probation and modify the conditions thereof. If revoked, the court shall order the probationer to serve the sentence originally imposed. An order revoking the grant of probation or modifying the terms and conditions thereof shall not be appealable. Section 16. Termination of Probation. After the period of probation and upon consideration of the report and recommendation of the probation officer, the court may order the final discharge of the probationer upon finding that he has fulfilled the terms and conditions of his probation and thereupon the case is deemed terminated. The final discharge of the probationer shall operate to restore to him all civil rights lost or suspend as a result of his conviction and to fully discharge his liability for any fine imposed as to the offense for which probation was granted. The probationer and the probation officer shall each be furnished with a copy of such order. Section 17. Confidentiality of Records. The investigation report and the supervision history of a probationer obtained under this Decree shall be privileged and shall not be disclosed directly or indirectly to anyone other than the Probation Administration or the court concerned, except that the court, in its discretion, may permit the probationer of his attorney to inspect the aforementioned documents or parts thereof whenever the best interest of the probationer make such disclosure desirable or helpful: Provided, Further, That, any government office or agency engaged in the correction or rehabilitation of offenders may, if necessary, obtain copies of said documents for its official use from the proper court or the Administration. Section 18. The Probation Administration. There is hereby created under the Department of Justice an agency to be known as the Probation Administration herein referred to as the Administration, which shall exercise general supervision over all probationers. The Administration shall have such staff, operating units and personnel as may be necessary for the proper execution of its functions. Section 19. Probation Administration. The Administration shall be headed by the Probation Administrator, hereinafter referred to as the Administrator, who shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines. He shall hold office during good behavior and shall not be removed except for cause. The Administrator shall receive an annual salary of at least forty thousand pesos. His powers and duties shall be to: (a) act as the executive officer of the Administration; b) exercise supervision and control over all probation officers; (c) make annual reports to the Secretary of Justice, in such form as the latter may prescribe, concerning the op eration, administration and improvement of the probation system; (d) promulgate, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Justice, the necessary rules relative to the methods and procedures of the probation process; (e) recommend to the Secretary of Justice the appointment of the subordinate personnel of his Administration and other offices established in this Decree; and (f) generally, perform such duties and exercise such powers as may be necessary or incidental to achieve the objectives of this Decree. Section 20. Assistant Probation Administrator. There shall be an Assistant Probation Administrator who shall assist the Administrator perform such duties as may be assigned to him by the latter and as may be provided by law. In the absence of the Administrator, he shall act as head of the Administration. He shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines and shall receive an annual salary of at least thirty-six thousand pesos. Section 21. Qualifications of the Administrator and Assistant Probation Administrator. To be eligible for Appointment as Administrator or Assistant Probation Administrator, a person must be at least thirty-five years of age, holder of a masters degree or its equivalent in either criminology, social work, corrections, penology, psychology, sociology, public administration, law, police science, police administration, or related fields, and should have at least five years of supervisory experience, or be a member of the Philippine Bar with at least seven years of supervisory experience. Section 22. Regional Office; Regional Probation Officer. The Administration shall have regional offices organized in accordance with the field service area patterns established under the Integrated Reorganization Plan. Such regional offices shall be headed by a Regional Probation Officer who shall be appointed by President of the Philippines in accordance with the Integrated Reorganization Plan and upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Justice. The Regional Probation Officer shall exercise supervision and control over all probation officer within his jurisdiction and such duties as may assigned to him by the Administrator. He shall have an annual salary of at least twenty-four thousand pesos. He shall, whenever necessary, be assisted by an Assistant Regional Probation Officer who shall also be appointed by the President of the Philippines, upon recommendation of the Secretary of Justice, with an annual salary of at least twenty thousand pesos. Section 23. Provincial and City Probation Officers. There shall be at least one probation officer in each province and city who shall be appointed by the Secretary of Justice upon recommendation of the Administrator and in accordance with civil service law and rules. The Provincial or City Probation Officer shall receive an annual salary of at least eighteen thousand four hundred pesos. His duties shall be to: a) investigate all persons referred to him for investigation by the proper court or the Administrator; (b) instruct all probationers under his supervision of that of the probation aide on the terms and conditions of their probations; (c) keep himself informed of the conduct and condition of probationers under his charge and us e all suitable methods to bring about an improvement in their conduct and conditions; (d) maintain a detailed record of his work and submit such written reports as may be required by the Administration or the court having jurisdiction over the probationer under his supervision; (e) prepare a list of qualified residents of the province or city where he is assigned who are willing to act as probation aides; (f) supervise the training of probation aides and oversee the latters supervision of probationers; (g) exercise supervision and control over all field assistants, probation aides and other personnel; and (h) perform such duties as may be assigned by the court or the Administration. Section 24. Miscellaneous Powers of Provincial and City Probation Officers. Provincial or City Probation Officers shall have the authority within their territorial jurisdiction to administer oaths and acknowledgments and to take depositions in connection with their duties and functions under this Decree. They shall also have, with respect to probationers under their care, the powers of police officer. Section 25. Qualifications of Regional, Assistant Regional, Provincial, and City Probation Officers. No person shall be appointed Regional or Assistant Regional or Provincial or City Probation Officer unless he possesses at least a bachelors degree with a major in social work, sociology, psychology, criminology, penology, corrections, police science, administration, or related fields and has at least three years of experience in work requiring any of the abovementioned disciplines, or is a member of the Philippine Bar with at least three years of supervisory experience. Whenever practicable, the Provincial or City Probation Officer shall be appointed from among qualified residents of the province or city where he will be assigned to work. Section 26. Organization. Within twelve months from the approval of this Decree, the Secretary of Justice shall organize the administrative structure of the Administration and the other agencies created herein. During said period, he shall also determine the staffing patterns of the regional, provincial and city probation offices with the end in view of achieving maximum efficiency and economy in the operations of the probation system. Section 27. Field Assistants, Subordinate Personnel, Provincial or City Probation Officers shall be assisted by such field assistants and subordinate personnel as may be necessary to enable them to carry out their duties effectively. Section 28. Probation Aides. To assist the Provincial or City Probation Officers in the supervision of probationers, the Probation Administrator may appoint citizens of good repute and probity to act as probation aides. Probation Aides shall not receive any regular compensation for services except for reasonable travel allowance. They shall hold office for such period as may be determined by the Probation Administrator. Their qualifications and maximum case loads shall be provided in the rules promulgated pursuant to this Decree. Section 29. Violation of Confidential Nature of Probation Records. The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six months and one day to six years and a fine ranging from hundred to six thousand pesos shall be imposed upon any person who violates Section 17 hereof. Section 30. Appropriations. There is hereby authorized the appropriation of the sum of Six Million Five Hundred Thousand Pesos or so much as may be necessary, out of any funds in the National Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to carry out the purposes of this Decree. Thereafter, the amount of at least Ten Million Five Hundred Thousand Pesos or so much as may be necessary shall be included in the annual appropriations of the national government. Section 31. Repealing Clause. All provisions of existing laws, orders and regulations contrary to or inconsistent with this Decree are hereby repealed or modified accordingly. Section 32. Separability of Provisions. If any part, section or provision of this Decree shall be held invalid or unconstitutional, no other parts, sections or provisions hereof shall be affected thereby. Section 33. Effectivity. This Decree shall take effect upon its approval: Provided, However, That, the application of its substantive provisions concerning the grant of probation shall only take effect twelve months after the certification by the Secretary of Justice to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that the administrative structure of the Probation Administration and of the other agencies has been organized.

Biography of Andrew Carnegie, Steel Magnate

Biography of Andrew Carnegie, Steel Magnate Andrew Carnegie (November 25, 1835–August 11, 1919) was a steel magnate, leading industrialist, and philanthropist. With a keen focus on cost-cutting and organization, Carnegie was often regarded as a ruthless robber baron, though he eventually withdrew from business to devote himself to donating money to various philanthropic causes. Fast Facts: Andrew Carnegie Known For:  Carnegie was a preeminent steel magnate and a major philanthropist.Born:  November 25, 1835 in Drumferline, ScotlandParents:  Margaret Morrison Carnegie and William CarnegieDied:  August 11, 1919 in Lenox, MassachusettsEducation: Free School in Dunfermline, night school, and self-taught through Colonel James Andersons libraryPublished Works:  An American Four-in-hand in Britain, Triumphant Democracy, The Gospel of Wealth, The Empire of Business, Autobiography of Andrew CarnegieAwards and Honors:  Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Glasgow, honorary doctorate, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. The following are all named for Andrew Carnegie: the dinosaur Diplodocus carnegii, the cactus Carnegiea gigantea, the Carnegie Medal children’s literature award, Carnegie Hall in New York City, Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Spouse(s): Louise WhitfieldChildren: MargaretNotable Quote: â€Å"A library outranks any other one thing a community ca n do to benefit its people. It is a never failing spring in the desert.† Early Life Andrew Carnegie was born at Drumferline, Scotland on November 25, 1835. When Andrew was 13, his family emigrated to America and settled near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father had worked as a linen weaver in Scotland and pursued that work in America after first taking a job in a textile factory. Young Andrew worked in the textile factory, replacing bobbins. He then took a job as a telegraph messenger at the age of 14, and within a few years was working as a telegraph operator. He educated himself through his voracious reading, benefitting from the generosity of a local retired merchant, Colonel James Anderson, who opened his small library to working boys. Ambitious at work, Carnegie was promoted to be an assistant to an executive with the Pennsylvania Railroad by the age of 18. During the Civil War, Carnegie, working for the railroad, helped the federal government set up a military telegraph system, which became vital to the war effort. For the duration of the war, he worked for the railroad. Early  Business Success While working in the telegraph business, Carnegie began investing in other businesses. He invested in several small iron companies, a company that made bridges, and a manufacturer of railroad sleeping cars. Taking advantage of oil discoveries in Pennsylvania, Carnegie also invested in a small petroleum company. By the end of the war, Carnegie was prosperous from his investments and began to harbor greater business ambitions. Between 1865 and 1870, he took advantage of the increase in international business following the war. He traveled frequently to England, selling the bonds of American railroads and other businesses. It has been estimated that he became a millionaire from his commissions selling bonds. While in England, he followed the progress of the British steel industry. He learned everything he could about the new Bessemer process, and with that knowledge, he became determined to focus on the steel industry in America. Carnegie had absolute confidence that steel was the product of the future. And his timing was perfect. As America industrialized, putting up factories, new buildings, and bridges, he was perfectly situated to produce and sell the steel the country needed. Carnegie the Steel Magnate In 1870, Carnegie established himself in the steel business. Using his own money, he built a blast furnace. He created a company in 1873 to make steel rails using the Bessemer process. Though the country was in an economic depression for much of the 1870s, Carnegie prospered. A very tough businessman, Carnegie undercut competitors and was able to expand his business to the point where he could dictate prices. He kept reinvesting in his own company, and though he took in minor partners, he never sold stock to the public. He could control every facet of the business, and he did it with a fanatical eye for detail. In the 1880s, Carnegie bought out Henry Clay Frick’s company, which owned coal fields as well as a large steel mill in Homestead, Pennsylvania. Frick and Carnegie became partners. As Carnegie began to spend half of every year at an estate in Scotland, Frick stayed in Pittsburgh, running the day-to-day operations of the company. The Homestead Strike Carnegie began to face a number of problems by the 1890s. Government regulation, which had never been an issue, was being taken more seriously as  reformers actively tried to curtail the excesses of businessmen known as robber barons. The union which represented workers at the Homestead Mill went on strike in 1892. On July 6, 1892, while Carnegie was in Scotland, Pinkerton guards on barges attempted to take over the steel mill at Homestead. The striking workers were prepared for the attack by the Pinkertons, and a bloody confrontation resulted in the death of strikers and Pinkertons. Eventually, an armed militia had to take over the plant. Carnegie was informed by transatlantic cable  of the events in Homestead. But he  made no statement and did not get involved. He would later be criticized for his silence, and he later expressed regrets for his inaction. His opinions on unions, however, never changed. He fought against organized labor and was able to keep unions out of his plants during his lifetime. As the 1890s continued, Carnegie faced competition in business, and he found himself being squeezed by tactics similar to those he had employed years earlier. In 1901, tired of business battles, Carnegie sold his interests in the steel industry to J.P. Morgan, who formed the United States Steel Corporation. Carnegie began to devote himself entirely to giving away his wealth. Carnegie’s Philanthropy Carnegie had already been giving money to create museums, such as the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh. But his philanthropy accelerated after selling Carnegie Steel. Carnegie supported numerous causes, including scientific research, educational institutions, museums, and world peace. He is best known for funding more than 2,500 libraries throughout the English-speaking world, and, perhaps, for building Carnegie Hall, a performance hall that has become a beloved New York City landmark. Death Carnegie died of bronchial pneumonia at his summer home in Lenox, Massachusetts on August 11, 1919. At the time of his death, he had already given away over a large portion of his wealth, more than $350 million. Legacy While Carnegie was not known to be openly hostile to the rights of workers for much of his career, his silence during the notorious and bloody Homestead Steel Strike cast him in a very bad light in labor history. Carnegies philanthropy left a huge mark on the world, including the endowment of many educational institutions and the funding of research and world peace efforts. The library system he helped form is a foundation of American education and democracy. Sources â€Å"Andrew Carnegies Story.†Ã‚  Carnegie Corporation of New York.Carnegie, Andrew. Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie. PublicAffairs, 1919.Carnegie, Andrew. The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962.Nasaw, David. Andrew Carnegie. Penguin Group, 2006.

Human resources management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Train Wreck and Cholorine spill - Case Study Example The tragic accident caused the death of nine people and displaced more than 5,000 from their residences, thus permanently altering the community. Although the eventual death toll was surprisingly low, the study shows that locals’ response to the emergency situation had significant gaps and it also emphasizes on the need to transform major organizations’ practices especially in handling hazardous materials. This case study, therefore, seeks to evaluate decision making processes in regard to no-notice evacuation during emergency situations, as well as, determining long-term effects of the chlorine disaster on organizations dealing with transportation. Overall, the case study attempts to highlight the necessity for improvement of evacuation procedures and recovery of transportation (Dunning & Oswalt, 2009). There are several specific issues emerging from the chlorine spill case study. For instance, operation concepts of rail transportation emerged, like the importance of keen train control, as well as, installation of automated warning technologies. The other outstanding issue in the study was the local community’s lack of information about emergency procedures to adopt in case of a chlorine spill, despite the fact that the hazardous material was transported across the town each day. The public’s need for transportation to their jobs following the evacuation was also a principal concern and so was provision of documents about transportation infrastructure, in order to foster recovery. Overall, evacuation concerns were the most outstanding in this case. For instance, locals did not know whether to seek shelter or completely leave the town, they also had no information about the safest routes to follow, or the best way to behave and collaborate with emergency workers, in or der to avoid being affected by the hazardous material. The

People Love To Have Pets, But What Do Pets Want Essay Example for Free

People Love To Have Pets, But What Do Pets Want Essay There are many animals that would prefer to stay as far away from the indoors as possible! Even though some people keep their pets inside most of the time, they would much rather be outside living in their natural habitat. Many animals are covered in fur to protect them from cold weather and to keep animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and mice is unethical treatment from humans when they would rather be outdoors where they were intended to live with other animals. There are those humans who simply don’t want to take their animals outdoors, and then there are others who enjoy caging wild animals, such as snakes, turtles, mice and lizards for their own enjoyment. It is unnatural for many animals who haven’t adapted to existing in an enclosed environment and it is unethical treatment against wildlife to hold them indoors, against their will. It is sad when you hear about people who mistreat animals and are careless to the pet’s desires of wanting to roam around in their natural habitat. There are occasions when animals are never allowed to go outdoors and are strictly kept in cages and fed manually by the pet owner. â€Å"We humans create homes that feel, smell, sound and look good to us, not our cat,† Ingrid Newkirk explains in her book, â€Å"250 Things You Can Do To Make Your Cats Adore You. † The author relates that our pets are not always comfortable and happy just because we are. We need to consider the comfort of every pet.

Selbstüberschreitung: Jonas Cohns Wertphilosophie und Pädagogik vor dem Hintergrund der Ethik Friedrich Nietzsches :: German Essays

Selbstà ¼berschreitung: Jonas Cohns Wertphilosophie und Pà ¤dagogik vor dem Hintergrund der Ethik Friedrich Nietzsches ABSTRACT: Teaching philosophy and pedagogy at the University of Freiburg from 1897 to 1933, Jonas Cohn fought mainly against Friedrich Nietzsche and the influence of the ethics of Nietzsche on the youth of his time. A declaration made by Cohn in the Preface of his Science of Value (1932) shows this: "The title 'science of value' means polemics, too: I fight against all, who following Nietzsche deny the possibility of a science of value." But this opposition to Nietzsche and to his followers is not the only aspect of Cohn's relation to Nietzsche. On the other side, Cohn attempted to integrate some of the important traits of Nietzsche's ethic in his own conception of philosophy and pedagogics. The expression "self-transcendence" (Selbstà ¼berschreitung) stands for this ambition of Cohn. This can be demonstrated by some biographical data and by the interpretation of Cohn's philosophy of value. "'Wertwissenschaft' ist auch polemisch gemeint: Ich kà ¤mpfe gegen alle, die im Gefolge Nietzsches eine Wissenschaft vom Werte leugnen." - Diese eindeutige Erklà ¤rung stellte der reife Jonas Cohn, Philosoph und Erziehungswissenschaftler an der Università ¤t Freiburg von 1897 bis 1933, seiner "Wertwissenschaft" von 1932, seinem Hauptwerke, im Vorwort voran. Hat Jonas Cohn seine Lebensarbeit gegen Friedrich Nietzsche und dessen Wirkung ausgerichtet? Ich mà ¶chte diese, von Cohn selbst nahegelegte, Auffassung relativieren und aufweisen, daß Cohns Wertphilosophie und Erziehungslehre trotz weitreichender Differenzen Zà ¼ge Nietzschischen Geistes aufgenommen hat. Der Titel und Grundbegriff der Cohnschen Ethik "Selbstà ¼berschreitung" signalisiert nicht nur Parallelità ¤t und Nà ¤he zu Nietzsche; "Selbstà ¼berschreitung zeigt auch an, daß Cohn Intentionen Nietzsches, Momente des fà ¼r Nietzsche signifikanten Begriffs der "Selbstà ¼berwindung" in seine "objektive Wertlehre" à ¼bergefà ¼hrt hat. Ich werde zunà ¤chst anhand einiger biographischer Daten die Bedeutung Nietzsches fà ¼r Cohn wahrscheinlich machen, bevor der Inhalt der Wertphilosophie und Ethik Cohns selbst kurz zur Sprache kommen soll. Drei Momente sind auszufà ¼hren, die Cohn in seiner Biographie mit Nietzsche konfrontierten: Zeitliche und à ¶rtliche Nà ¤he zu Nietzsche und die persà ¶nliche Begegnung mit Denkern, die Cohn beeinflußten. Jonas Cohn (1869-1947) studierte nach einem glà ¤nzenden Abitur in Berlin (1888) zunà ¤chst in Leipzig, Heidelberg und Berlin Naturwissenschaft und promovierte mit einer experimentellen Arbeit in Botanik in Berlin 1892 zum Doktor der Philosophie. Nach der Promotion in Botanik wandte sich Cohn dem engeren Gebieten der Philosophie zu, ohne dabei zu unterlassen, seinem "geistigen Leben durch empirische Einzelarbeit gleichsam einen festen Unterbau zu schaffen". (SD, (1) S. 6) Diesen empirischen Unterbau erwarb sich Cohn in der experimentellen Psychologie bei Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) und Oswald Kà ¼lpe (1862-1915) in Leipzig, wo Cohn in den Jahren 1892 bis 94 am Psychologischen Institut arbeitete.